Design and Simulation of an IoT-Enabled Distribution Transformer Monitoring System

Author : Barrenkala Sravanthi, K. Lalitha, Vinayaka Reddy Saga, Pathalavath Abhishek Naik, Kantharapu Sandeep Vardhan

Abstract : Distribution transformers constitute a critical com-ponent of the power distribution system, and their failure can lead to power interruptions that negatively impact economic activities. Conventional transformer monitoring methods rely on periodic manual inspection, which is inefficient and unable to provide continuous condition assessment. This paper presents the simulation and design of an IoT-based distribution transformer monitoring system using Proteus software. The proposed system employs an ESP32 microcontroller along with temperature, oil level, and ambient condition sensors to monitor transformer parameters in real time. The measured data are displayed locally and transmitted to the ThingSpeak cloud platform for remote monitoring. Protective features such as relay control are incorpo-rated to respond to abnormal operating conditions. Simulation results confirm accurate sensing, reliable communication, and effective fault detection, demonstrating the suitability of the proposed system for smart grid applications.

Keywords : Distribution Transformer, ESP32, Internet of Things, Condition monitoring, Smart Grid, Proteus

Conference Name : National Conference on Electronics and Electrical Engineering (NC3E-26)

Conference Place : Coimbatore, India

Conference Date : 7th Mar 2026