Evacuation and repression: European migrants in Kazakhstan (first half of the 20th century)

Author : Gulzhaukhar Kokebayeva, Sabit Shildebai

Abstract : The main objective of this work is to provide a historical analysis of the narrative of European emigrants in Kazakhstan in the first half of the 20th century. In the first half of the 20th century, there were several waves of migration to the USSR, varying in nature. In the 1920s and 1930s, political emigration to the USSR prevailed, coinciding with unsuccessful attempts at revolutionary uprisings in European countries. When the war began, emigrants in Moscow and the European part of the USSR were evacuated to the eastern Soviet republics, with the vast majority of them being settled in Kazakhstan. In addition, repressed foreigners were also sent to camps and special settlements in Kazakhstan. The materials for our research were documentary sources that we studied in the archives. In researching our chosen topic, we used the historical-systemic method, which allows us to consider the object of study as part of a complexly organised system. The prerequisites for the settlement of various categories of European migrants in Kazakhstan have been analysed, and narratives reflecting the lives and activities of evacuated and repressed migrants have been identified. Conclusions have been drawn regarding the misconceptions of European migrants who considered the USSR to be a stronghold for all the disadvantaged and a society of social justice

Keywords : Conference calls, CEO, narcissism, ownership, PRI-signatories.

Conference Name : International Conference on Multidisciplinary Scientific Social Sciences and Arts (ICMSSSA - 26)

Conference Place : Tokyo, Japan

Conference Date : 30th Jan 2026