Phenolic Compounds of Salvia officinalis and Salvia rosmarinus: mechanisms for cognitive enhancement

Author : Margarita Velikova

Abstract :Salvia officinalis (common sage) and Salvia rosmarinus (rosemary) are aromatic herbs traditionally associated with memory enhancement and cognitive support. Increasing evidence attributes these effects primarily to their phenolic constituents, notably carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and carnosol, alongside various flavonoids. These compounds exhibit potent antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties, modulate neurotransmitter systems, and activate cytoprotective pathways, contributing to neuronal resilience and synaptic plasticity. Preclinical studies demonstrate that these phenolics attenuate oxidative stress, reduce β-amyloid toxicity, and improve learning and memory in animal models. Clinical trials with Salvia extracts report improvements in attention, working memory, and overall cognitive performance, though evidence for isolated compounds remains limited. Differences in chemical profiles suggest that S. officinalis is richer in rosmarinic acid and flavonoids, while S. rosmarinus contains higher levels of carnosic acid and carnosol, offering complementary mechanisms. Overall, Salvia phenolics represent promising multi-target agents for maintaining cognitive function and protecting against neurodegenerative decline.

Keywords :Salvia officinalis, Salvia Rosmarinus, phenolic compounds.

Conference Name :International Conference on Environmental Health and Safety (ICOEHS-25)

Conference Place Istanbul, Turkey

Conference Date 16th Dec 2025