Mass Increase with Strong and Gravitational Potentials, and Mass Defect with Electromagnetic Potential

Author : Hany Ali Hussein

Abstract :The proposal is “mass increases with the reduction in strong and gravitational potentials, while it decreases with the increase in the absolute value of Electromagnetic potential”. This proposal explains the big difference in mass between hadrons (protons, neutrons, & mesons) and their components (quarks), mass difference between nucleus and its individual components (protons and neutrons), massless of gamma photons, abnormal masses of mesons and bosons, and the excess in galaxy masses (dark matter). Also, this proposal shows the exact relation between mass and energy: Strong Potential=-3.04" " mc^2 |Electric Potential|=-〖5.57 × 10〗^(-3) mc^2 Gravitational Potential=-〖1.22 × 10〗^(-7) mc^2 Where m represents the excess in mass due to strong potential, or gravitational potential and represents the decrease in mass due to electromagnetic potential. Released energy here equals potential energy and doesn’t equal decrease in mass using the formula E=mc2. Released energy is transferred to heat, photons, kinetic energy Finally, proposal will try to describe the relation between photon energy and mass of its components using the general equation of kinetic energy: Photon Energy=1/2" " mc^2 m is the sum of the individual masses of its components, while the total mass of photon is zero

Keywords :Mass variation, strong potential, gravitational potential, electromagnetic potential, hadron mass, quark mass, nucleus mass, photon energy, dark matter, energy-mass relation, potential energy, kinetic energy, meson mass, boson mass, galaxy mass excess, E=mc², photon components.

Conference Name :International Conference on Nuclear Physics (ICONP-25)

Conference Place Dubai, UAE

Conference Date 20th Jan 2025